Human-Wildlife conflict is a serious threat to the conservation of endangered species like tigers and contributes to population decline of endangered species. Since its inception, TCF has been working to reduce conflict between wildlife and human beings. The people, who have suffered livestock depredation by tigers and leopards, tend to develop a negative approach towards the conservation of these big cats. To reduce this negative attitude amongst the villagers, TCF initiated the IRS. In this process TCF started analysing the reasons for livestock attacks by tigers and leopards, as livestock are not the natural prey base of these felines. To further analyse the problem, TCF, in collaboration with the Aligarh Muslim University, started a research project on Human-Wildlife Conflict which was launched in September 2002. The project involved the estimation of tiger density in the buffer zone of the Corbett Tiger Reserve through the camera trapping method. The results of the study indicated healthy population of tigers in the buffer zone of the CTR. The tiger density in the buffer zone of the CTR was recorded as 13.75 tigers per 100 sq km. The study also indicated that the major factor behind livestock depredation by tigers and leopards is the lack of proper care and indiscipline among the villagers in letting the cattle out for grazing in the forest area without an proper escort.

The project was implemented in two phases. Initial phase of this study was funded by the US Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) and tThe second phase was supported by Forever Tigers.